Ap European History Essay Example for Free

Ap European History Essay After reading and studying this chapter, you should be able to discuss the meanings of the term renaissance. You should be able to explain the economic context for the Renaissance, the new status of the artist in Renaissance Italy, and the meanings of the terms humanism, secularism, and individualism as applied by scholars to the Renaissance. Also, you should be able to explain how the Italian Renaissance affected politics, the economy, and society. Finally, be able to elaborate on the evolution of medieval kingdoms into early modern nation-states, and the spread of Renaissance humanism northward. Chapter Outline I. The Evolution of the Italian Renaissance A. Economic Growth as the Basis of the Renaissance 1. Venice, Genoa, and Milan grew rich on commerce between 1050 and 1300. 2. Florence, where the Renaissance originated, was an important banking center by the fourteenth century. B. Communes and Republics 1. In northern Italy the larger cities won independence from local nobles and became self-governing communes of free men in the twelfth century. 2. Local nobles moved into the cities and married into wealthy merchant families. This new class set up property requirements for citizenship. . The excluded, the popolo, rebelled and in some cities set up republics. 5. By 1300 the republics had collapsed, and despots or oligarchies governed most Italian cities. C. The Balance of Power among the Italian City-States 1. City patriotism and constant competition for power among cities prevented political centralization on the Italian peninsula. 2. As cities strove to maintain the balance of power among themselves, they invented the apparatus of modern diplomacy. 3. In 1494 the city of Milan invited intervention by the French King Charles VIII. 4. Italy became a battleground as France, Spain, and the Holy Roman Emperor vied for dominance. 5. In 1527 the forces of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V sacked Rome. II. Intellectual Hallmarks of the Renaissance A. Individualism 1. Renaissance writers stressed individual personality, greatness, and achievement, in contrast to the medieval ideal of Christian humility. B. Humanism 1. The revival of antiquity took the form of interest in archaeology, recovery of ancient manuscripts, and study of the Latin classics. 2. The study of the classics became known as the â€Å"new learning,† or humanism. 3. Humanist scholars studied antiquity not so much to find God as to know human nature and understand a different historical context. 4. Humanists derided what they viewed as the debased Latin of the medieval churchmen. C. Secular Spirit 1. The secular way of thinking focuses on the world as experienced rather than on the spiritual and/or eternal. 2. Renaissance thinkers came to see life as an opportunity rather than a painful pilgrimage toward God. 3. Lorenzo Valla argued that sense pleasures were the highest good. 4. Giovanni Boccaccio wrote about an acquisitive, sensual, worldly society. Renaissance popes expended much money on new buildings, a new cathedral (St. Peter’s), and on patronizing artists and men of letters. III. Art and the Artist A. Art and Power 1. In the early Renaissance, corporate groups such as guilds sponsored religious art. 2. By the late fifteenth century individual princes, merchants, and bankers sponsored art to glorify themselves and their families. Their urban palaces were full of expensive furnishings as well as art. 3. Classical themes, individual portraits, and realistic style characterized Renaissance art. 4. Renaissance artists invented perspective and portrayed the human body in a more natural and scientific manner than previous artists did. B. The Status of the Artist 1. Medieval masons were viewed as mechanical workers/artisans. Renaissance artists were seen as intellectual workers. 2. The princes and merchants who patronized artists paid them well. 3. Artists themselves gloried in their achievements. During the Renaissance, the concept of artist as genius was born. 4. Renaissance culture was only the culture of a very wealthy mercantile elite; it did not affect the lives of the urban middle classes or the poor. IV. Social Change A. Education and Political Thought 1. Humanist writers were preoccupied with education for morality and virtue. 2. Baldassare Castiglione’s The Courtier (1528) presented an image of the ideal man as master of dance, music, the arts, warfare, mathematics, and so on. 3. Daughters of the elite received an education similar to sons and a few went on to become renowned painters or scholars. 4. In The Prince (1513), Niccolo Machiavelli argued that politics could not follow simple rules of virtue and morality—that it ought in fact to be studied as a science. B. The Printed Word 1. Around 1455 in the German city of Mainz, Johan Gutenberg and two other men invented the movable type printing press. 2. Methods of paper production had reached Europe in the twelfth century from China through the Near East. 3. Printing made government and Church propaganda much more practical, created an invisible â€Å"public† of readers, and stimulated literacy among laypeople. C. Clocks 1. City people involved in commerce had a need to measure time. 2. By the early fourteenth century mechanical clocks were widespread in Europe. . Mechanical clocks and precise measurement of time contributed to the development of a conception of the universe in measurable, quantitative terms. D. Women and Work 1. Early modern culture identified women with marriage and the domestic virtues. 2. Women were involved with all economic activity connected with the care and nurturing of the family, as well as working outside the home. 3. Women during the Renaissance worked in a variety of businesses—for example, sailmaking—and even in a few isolated cases managed large enterprises. Wealthy women were usually excluded from the public arena and instead managed their households. E. Culture and Sexuality 1. Women’s status in the realm of love, romance, and sex declined during the Renaissance. 2. Writers such as Castiglione created the â€Å"double standard†? women were to be faithful in marriage, while men need not be. 3. Penalties for rape in Renaissance Italy were very light. 4. In spite of statutes against â€Å"sodomy,† generally referring to male homosexuality, Florentine records from the fifteenth century show a lot of homosexual activity going on, usually relations between an adult male and a boy. F. Slavery and Ethnicity 1. In medieval and Renaissance Europe many Slavic, Tartar, Circassian, Greek, and Hungarian slaves were imported. 2. Beginning in the fifteenth century the Portuguese brought many black African slaves into Europe. 3. Within Africa the economic motives of rulers and merchants trumped any cultural/ethnic/racial hostility toward Europeans. They sold fellow Africans into slavery apparently without qualms. 4. Africans did not identify themselves as â€Å"black,† but as members of more than 600 different tribal and ethnic groups. 5. Black slaves were an object of curiosity at European courts. 6. The Renaissance concept of people from sub-Saharan Africa was shaped by Christian symbology of light and darkness? blacks represented the Devil. Race did not emerge as a concept until the late seventeenth century. V. The Renaissance in the North A. Northern Humanists 1. In the late fifteenth century students from northern Europe studied in Italy and brought the Renaissance home. 2. Thomas More (1478–1535) of England argued that reform of social institutions could reduce or eliminate corruption and war. 3. The Dutchman Desiderius Erasmus (1466–1536) was an expert in the Bible and Greek language who believed that all Christians should read the Bible. 4. Francois Rabelais (1490–1553) ridiculed established institutions such as the clergy with gross humor in Gargantua. 5. Flemish artists came to rival the Italian Renaissance painters. VI. Politics and the State in the Renaissance (ca 1450–1521) A. Centralization of Power 1. Some scholars have viewed Renaissance kingship as a new form, citing the dependence of the monarch on urban wealth and the ideology of the â€Å"strong king. In France Charles VII (r. 1422–1461) created the first permanent royal army, set up new taxes on salt and land, and allowed increased influence in his bureaucracy from middle-class men. He also asserted his right to appoint bishops in the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges. 3. Charles’s son Louis XI (r. 1461–1483) fostered industry from artisans, taxed it, and used the funds to build up his army. He brought much new territory under direct Crown rule. 4. In England Edward IV ended the War of the Roses between rival baronial houses. 5. Henry VII ruled largely without Parliament, using as his advisers men with lower-level gentry origins. 6. Henry’s Court of the Star Chamber tried cases involving aristocrats and did so with methods contradicting common law, such as torture. 7. Although Spain remained a confederation of kingdoms until 1700, the wedding of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon did lead to some centralization. Ferdinand and Isabella stopped violence among the nobles, recruited â€Å"middle-class† advisers onto their royal council, and secured the right to appoint bishops in Spain and in the Spanish empire in America. . Popular anti-Semitism increased in fourteenth-century Spain. In 1478 Ferdinand and Isabella invited the Inquisition into Spain to search out and punish Jewish converts to Christianity who secretly continued Jewish religious practices. 9. To persecute converts, Inquisitors and others formulated a racial theory? that conversos were suspect not because of their beliefs, but because of who they were racially. 10. In 1492 Ferdinand and Isabella expelled the Jews from Spain.

Prejudice and Discrimination of Homosexuals

Prejudice and Discrimination of Homosexuals In different countries of various beliefs and culture, people with homosexual behavior are often being subjected to prejudice and discrimination. In comparison with minority groups, who are one of the common topics of prejudice, this group of homosexual people are also subjected to stereotyping. Social scientists have typically defined prejudice as a negative intergroup attitude. [1] Sexuality orientation can be classified further into three main topics: Homosexuality, Bisexuality, and Heterosexuality. Homosexuality refers to sexual behavior/actions or seductive attraction among people of the same sex. The word gay is commonly being referred to a male homosexual, whereas lesbian is designated for female homosexuals. Right here in Singapore, majority of the public still have that prototypical mindset and misconstrue behavior which often leads to discrimination against this group of people. This is extremely unhealthy because homosexuality has been declassified as a mental disorder by the American Psychiatric Association in the 1970s, and people in this day and age are still seeking to turn gay people straight, often resulting in negative effects on the subject.'[2] Simple stereotyping can be thought as all gay are feminine and all lesbians contain machismo hormones within them. Some even have misconceptions and labeled the gay as the main culprit for transmission of sexually transmitted disease or AIDS, considering them having a higher chance of contracting these diseases. In this modernized and civil society, it will be of much appreciation if homosexuality is much understood better by the public. If this discrimination continues to cycle around, it will cause a deleterious effect on the homosexual person. This may eventually lead to escalation of suicidal cases or further deterioration on the mental health. This is a topic that we should pay attention to. Homosexual discrimination can be found in anywhere or in any working sector. A homosexual man who has a kind soul within, have no exceptions either, he may have to bear the brunt of discrimination from a high profile sector. Gays are banned from donating their contaminated or filthy, some mi ght criticized on that, blood out; a legislation set by the Food and Drug Administration. [3] As mentioned, discrimination can be found in anywhere even in a small country like Singapore. A distinct proof which leads to discrimination being amplified in the country is where colonial legislation, Sections 377 and 377A of the Penal Code [4] are still brought into play. This shows that Singaporeans are too conservative to accept the fact of homosexual behavior coming into their existence. Discrimination against gay is being applied in various level of sector in the society. Achieved from a report, a highly educated personnel displaying out her ferocious attitude during a debate in Parliament in 2007 was shown that she compared anal sex as shoving a straw up your nose to drink.[5][6] The debater herself was a professor of law; specializing in international human rights law would present out such an outrageous quote on gay rights. Putting aside public discrimination, the power of media plays a strong part in this role. In a newspaper article, exaggerated from the fact by the journ alist, the gays were believed to be involved in promiscuous sex or are drug addict which is solely stereotyping thinking from the journalist.[5][6] The examples mentioned above are showing how typical people possess adverse thinking against homosexuality. Prejudice and discrimination against homosexuality will bring a vicious cycle effect to the society as it can be commonly identified as a talking topic for adults, or it may be a mistaught lesson for a child. Basically, chances of stereotypically thinking and discriminating against homosexual persons can happen in everyday conversations between people. Living in this society, people only know how to discriminate homosexuality as they tend to follow the majority. This is similar to, giving a primary school student a complicated algebraic question where he/she only knows how to apply simple standard mathematics formulations. This society needs to be better educated about homosexuality just like the student needs to be taught on how to work out that algebraic question. By educating people about homosexuality does not mean that they will stop discriminating gays. However, providing positive and correct information about homosexuality to teenagers who are stepping into this society and un derstanding of their sexuality is important. They will feel less fearful in the future. An example can be taken, the author of an article has a niece who came home and shouted, Gays are disgusting! He knew that the niece learnt that hatred from a classmate, who in turn had this hatred digested from the parents. This shows that people allow this hatred to become an ongoing cycle, which in time it turns out to be a fear for some people but under the influential of people around them they have no choice but to accept it resentfully. Here is another down to earth reason why is it important to stop all there discriminations. Lets ask ourselves this question, Who are all these gays and lesbians? These people are our very own Singaporeans. Living in a country, which does not give you the rights that belongs to you, is equivalent to pushing the gays and lesbians with no choice but to move out from this country to another, which will truly welcome them despite of their differences. A country without any natural resources cannot afford to drive out her gay sons and daughters. People always have the wrong comprehensive thinking that spreading of HIV and AIDS are associated with gays. They will think that as long as they perform safe sexual intercourse or preventing themselves to have sex with men will free them from contracting HIV or AIDS. They have shown an erroneous thinking which makes them believe that as long as they are not gay, they will be safe from diseases. A statistics result [7] shows that the number of people infected with the diseases through homosexual means is lesser than those of heterosexual means. When it comes to a serious stage, it will be death. Therefore, this myth has to be busted. People who are being discriminated might not have the courage to face it and the solution they will go for will be death. Sexuality based discrimination caused death in teens, a report shows. [8] In response to such incidents, Ellen DeGeneres speaks out, urging that we stop discriminating against gays, because one death is tragic, four is a crisis [8] Be it homosexual or heterosexual, we still come together and live as one and everyone deserves the right to be treated equally. The homosexual citizens will not be pleased if they found out that they are not treated to the same benefits that heterosexual citizens are being treated as. We should not hesitate to open up our views on them or in another way we must learn to accept what they are. Penal code337a criminalizes those who have sexual act between two males [2] [4]. This is one of the main reasons why Singaporeans are still badly discriminating the homosexuals. In many other countries, homosexual were slowly being received and laws were executed to protect them similar to the laws which heterosexual have. Protecting homosexuals against violence and discrimination is important. As they are the minority group which makes them an easy target. As we know, all the male Singaporean has to go through National service. Even homosexuals have no exception to this. The worst case will be, they do a self declare that they are gay and they will go through a thorough psychiatric assessment which then they will be by default downgraded to Public Employment Status C (PES C) in regardless of their fitness[9] . Once a soldier declared that hes gay, his armys world will be totally different from others. From this example, we call recall on that; inequality being faced by them in this society was a result from prejudice and discrimination on homosexuals. In order to have a prominent result, one should draw back their attention to the society. We all know that the root cause of this problem came from the society who discriminates, as and when; like or dislike, as they want. Thus, a solution which deals directly to the root cause will be an ideal one to recede the problem. In this society, filled with excitement, it is still required to be better educating these people about homosexuality. As research has found out that there are two groups of people with the different attitude s on how they think gay are. The group with a positive attitude toward gay usually has a few friends around them who falls under this, being gay, category. In contrast, with those with negative attitudes believe that they do not have any gay friends around them, in actual fact they do. Their discrimination towards gays goes back to the being stereotypical and prejudice. [10] We can conclude this by looking at simple theory. In order for a majority group to keep up its performance, it seeks cooperation from the minority group. To put in simpler words, a minority group like homosexuals can be influential to the majority group. Therefore, there is a need to bring prejudice and discrimination on homosexuals to a halt. Education on understanding ones sexuality needs to be taught to young adults and teenagers. Negative remarks about the homosexual society should be reduced via this education. Even parents need to be taught that being homosexual is not a crime nor is it wrong, and that it is a part of life.

Essay --

CONTACT INFORMATION BIJAN ZARDBANI Address: 19 WOODHOUSE ROAD, DONCASTER EAST, VIC 3109 Email: BIJAN.ZARDBANI@GMAIL.COM Mobile: 0423812231 PERSONAL INFORMATION D.O.B: 20/10/1967 PLACE OF BIRTH: TEHRAN ( IRAN) CITIZENSHIP: IRAN VISA STATUS: BUSINESS SUBCLASS 163, VALID UNTIL FEB/2018 GENDER: MALE OVER VIEW Results-Oriented Mechanical Engineer With A Hands-On Approach To Tackling Projects And Accomplishing Goals. Project Manager With18 Years of Experience. Areas Of Expertise Include Piping (Steam Pipe And Steam Traps Included), Ducts, Heating, Heatexchangers, Air Conditioning, Supports (Guide), All Equipment And Machinery In Mechanical Room, Hot Water Boiler, Steam Boiler, Dearaitors, Air Washers, Cooling Towers, Air Handling Units And ... Experience In Electricity, Such As Cabling, Panels, Wiring, High Voltage Cabling And Junctions, High Voltage Panels, Lightning, Cable Trays, EarthingAnd All Electrical And Mechanical That Necessary In Commercial And Industrial Construction. Skills Complex problem solving Team leadership Technical problem-solving Works well in diverse ...

what we need :: essays research papers

â€Å"What we need†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Summer Olympics a venue that the world looks forward to every 4 years. Various sports that athletes train hard for day in and day out to achieve the coveted gold medal. An opportunity arises the chance for a given city; â€Å"your city† to hold the 2012 summer Olympic games. One dilemma, the city that they might pick is in dire need for psychological and physical uplifting. Is this the right opportunity to do so for the city of New York and try to give new life too much changed city after the September 11 tragedies? Is this a good choice for the Olympic games to be held in our own New York City, or is this an invitation for terrorist groups too spoil plans and moral once again? As well as add too the congestion of an already chaotic traffic system?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many different opinions are voiced in a situation that can affect a city of 8 million people for the better or for the worse. Most of the people of New York City are very optimistic of the possible coming of the Olympic games. The pros of this proposed idea are many and very beneficial for the city as well as the people. A great benefit that comes from this event is jobs. In a time of economic decline and people loosing their jobs are the main positive things that the Olympic games will bring; Kevin Fleming said that the Olympics would probably put money in his pocket. â€Å"I think it’s great, I’m looking forward to getting a lot of work from it.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Other great aspects of the Olympics possibly being held in New York City is that the city will get the much needed â€Å"face-lift† in areas of the city that was already planned but it will just get done sooner. â€Å"Most of the things the Olympics need, the city needs anyway,† mayor Bloomberg was quoted to say. Businesses will boom and jobs will there for the willing to work. Some risks that we take will be well worth it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People are also worried about the traffic and the gridlock that would be caused by the Olympics but New Yorkers deal with it day in and day out the whole traffic is well worth it because when it is all said and done the Olympics go down in history and â€Å"you â€Å" will be one of the lucky ones to see history in the making.

Mass School Shootings in America :: Mass Shootings, School Shootings Essays

School shootings have been occurring all over the country. All of these school incidents are leading to one or more deaths. Many people think that it will never happen to them, but it could. After a school shooting occurs it may seem like everything is different, and has changed. This is the reason why many students are afraid to go to school and is so concerned about their safety. Many of these schools shooting are happening in suburban areas where many people think it is safe but while the school districts are focusing on keeping the violates out of city schools they forgot about the rest. School shootings have had a political impact on the society; bring some people to press for stricter gun control laws. The National Rifle Association is opposed to such laws, and some groups have called for fewer gun control laws citing cases of armed students ending shootings and halting further loss of an innocent person life. One such example is the Mercaz HaRav Massacre which happened on March 6, 2008 where the attacker was not stopped by police but by a student, who stopped the attacker by shooting him with his personal firearm that was in his car which he lawfully carried concealed. Bullying is a problem that can provoke a shooting at a school. Studies have found that children who bully are more likely to come from homes with certain characteristics like: A lack of supervision by parents; Harsh, physical discipline; and Bullying incidences inside the home. Many bullies are most likely to carry a weapon and start drinking alcohol at a young age. Detecting if somebody is being bullied can be difficult and helping to resolve that issue can be worst. Children that are being bullied have tendencies to have unexplained cuts, bruises, and scratches; has few with whom he or she spends time with; takes a long unreasonable route when walking to or from school. Trying to resolve the issue can be worst because you don’t want to embarrass your child so the easiest thing to do is to let your child know they are not alone and believe everything they tell you. Parents that show up to the school all the time shouldn’t because showing up a will give the other students something else to bully your child about. Ways to prevent school shootings are still being discussed with-in the school systems but here are some ways like metal detectors in all schools will help because it will help detect any illegal weapons like guns and knives.

Data Security and Mobile Devices

Data Security and Mobile Devices Introduction: Mobile devices such as smartphones, PDAs, tablets, and netbooks have become an integral part of everyday business operations. Millions of people log into their company’s secure network on mobile devices via wireless Internet or even accessing their email, making sensitive data more susceptible to data theft and hacking. Mobile technology is advancing at such a fast pace, making it harder for IT managers to keep up with newly emerging threats. Since the smartphone emerged in the business scene, cybercrime has increased exponentially.Data security has now become the main focus for most IT managers in larger corporations. What are some of the risks associated with using mobile devices in business operations? Human error is the biggest risk associated with data security when it comes to using mobile devices. This is mostly due to loss of theft of a smartphone or other mobile device. In a study conducted in Washington DC last year, tax i drivers counted the number of mobile phones that were left behind in taxis over a six month period. Over eighty-three hundred phones were recovered.That was almost twenty-five times the number of laptops that were left in the taxis during the same period. Although all corporate laptops are password protected, few have password protection on their mobile devices. (Phifer) â€Å"According to Credent Technologies, eighty-eight percent of mobile devices carry valuable information- from patient, customer and employee records, financial statements, and passwords,† (Phifer). Because so few people PIN-lock their phones, all of this sensitive data can easily fall in to the hands of a hacker.Mobile users often auto save their username and passwords to avoid monotonous reentry. This gives the hacker access to any information available to theft victim. Another major risk associated with the use of mobile devices is mobile malware. Most mobile operating systems lack the anti-virus and o ther security feature that are found on laptops. This makes mobile devices susceptible to viruses such as Trojan and worms. Doombot is a Trojan virus that is designed to affect all mobile operating platforms such as Android, iOS, and blackberry. It is transferred through MMS and Bluetooth (Panda Security).What are some techniques used by IT managers to minimize security risks with mobile devices? It is vitally important to the cyber security of a company for IT managers to constantly be assessing the security of their network. Some important steps managers are taking are education, visualization, conservative defaults, hard switching, and most importantly manager and employee training. Educating employees about the risks of using mobile devices is important because the human element poses the greatest risk to the cyber security of the company.Its important for the firm to have a training program in place so all employees know how to protect themselves and the company. Visualization is also important in constant uphill battle of cyber security. Managers must constantly be looking for the latest threats against the network and try to find a solution before a breach occurs. Conservative default settings on the firm’s network prevent employees from viewing non-secure websites and also from downloading files from places from outside the company’s network.This would allow employees to still download attached files from intra-company email but would prevent the downloading of files that might be infected with a virus. (Nykodym) IT managers also use outside contractors to monitor a company’s network security. Companies like BlueFire Mobile Security cater to the rapidly expanding reliance on mobile devices. Their services provide protection for lost or stolen devices, information encryption, and security while on the Internet. They also offer protection for a company’s wired network as well.They provide intrusion prevention, firewall, authen tication, and encryption for the entire network. Contracts with companies like BlueFire are often made with smaller firms or with firms who want to reduce the size and budget of their IT department. (Computer Security Update) How significant was the increase of cyber attacks when mobile devices became part of everyday life? Smartphones exploded on the business scene in the mid 2000s. They provided the convenience of accession of vital information from anywhere.According to Sharia Panela’s article for GMA News , â€Å"between 2007 and 2012, small and medium businesses reported steadily increasing web attacks. Malware, phising, and other types of violation surged by 35 percent while email attacks soared by 12 percent† (Panela). All of these types of attacks are in a large part due to the lack of security on mobile devices. In Norton’s 2012 Cybercrime Report, the total price tag on consumer data cybercrime was $110,000,000,000. China leads the pack with a total los s of $46 billion and the Unites States coming in second with a total loss of $21 billion.With Apps for everything from mobile banking to syncing work and personal email, people have more sensitive data on their phone than ever before. The Cybercrime report concludes with the changing face of cybercrime. The new frontier for hackers is social media websites and new mobile devices. (Palmer) Conclusion: With all of the new developments in cyber security hackers always seem to be one step ahead. Smartphones and other mobile devices have become such an important part of everyday business employees. These devices are a virtual candy store for hackers, a one-stop shop for all of the data stored on the device.If the device is lost or stolen, it can be used to access the internal network of the firm and extract private data about customers or financial information. Mobile Security has come to the forefront of the IT department’s agenda in larger data driven firms. Although they implem ent measures to prevent security breaches, the human element is the most damning. Managers need to provide educational programs for their employees to learn about proper use of mobile devices on company networks. Works Cited â€Å"Computer Security Update. † Computer Security Update. 8. 4 (2007): 1-4.Web. 4 Nov. 2012. Nykodym, Nick. â€Å"Journal of Politics and Law. † Journal of Politics and Law. 5. 1 (2012): 1-6. Web. 4 Nov. 2012. Palmer, Adam. â€Å"Norton Cybercrime Report 2012. † Norton Cybercrime Report 2012. (2012): n. page. Web. 4 Nov. 2012. Panela, Sharia. â€Å"Personal gadgets raise risk of cybercrime in workplace. † GMA News Online. GMA Network Inc. , 18 2012. Web. 4 Nov 2012. Phifer, Lisa. â€Å"Business Communications Review. † Business Communications Review. (2007): 23-25. Web. 4 Nov. 2012. â€Å"Virus Encyclopedia . † Panda Securities. Panda Worldwide, Web. 4 Nov 2012.

ADDIE

The training process includes three main steps for a new employee: 1- Induction Course This course conducted for the new employee to make him/her familiar with the Meany's basic issues like: 1- Code and ethic 2- Safety and health policy 3- Legislation 4- Employee hand book 5- Process manual (SOP) All the previous Issues should be summarized In manuals by the HER department depending on the Job description.These manuals should be handed to the new employee to read them and become more familiar with the company codes and procedure Instead of leaving the new employee to ask other employee. 2- Orientation The second step in the training process is to make the new employee more familiar with the company working environment which done at two main levels: 1- 1st Program: this program includes a Job rotation in deferent company sections for short periods, where the new employee awareness increased about the company operation. – 2nd Program: In this program the new employee observe the work in his section to learn how the work is done form his/her colleague, after that the new employee handled the new Job under observation. 3- Performance Appraisal (result) In this step the result from performance appraisal used to assess the strength and weakness of the employee and decide what type of training Is needed to Improve his/ err weakness and benefit from his/her strength.Type of training: 1- Managerial Training: 1- Time management 2- Problem Solving 3- Leadership 4- Report Writing 2- Technical: According to technical needs 3- Behavioral: 1- Conflict management 2- Dealing with customer 3- Stress management Level of Training Organizational level: training is needed here to achieve the company strategic 2- Company expansion 2- Task level: according to Job description 3- Personal level: according to single employee strength and weakness.For example if the employee is weak in time management, so he/she need time management raining. For example if the employee have leaders hip attitude we can benefit from his/her strength by giving him/her leadership training. Transfer of learning into workplace needs: 1- Management Support: 2- Work environment : the work condition and tools EDDIE EDDIE is instructional design model that can be used to build training program for the company .Now let's see how we can use EDDIE model in the training process: 1- Analysis: A good analysis of the company situation and its employee knowledge, skill and ability can provide important information about the training needs for the organization at three levels (organization, task, personal) The analysis phase of EDDIE model contain main four steps: 1- Instructional goals: here we need to decide what is the goal of our training program according to the organization needs?The goal can be at any level (organizational, task, personal) for example at the organization level the goal can be improve the employee knowledge, skills and ability to achieve ISO excellence, or it can be at the personal level improve the time management skills, or at the skills level like how to weld iron. 2- Instructional analysis: here we need to define all the steps accessory to achieve the instructional goals, if our instructional goal was to learn an employee how to weld iron the steps can be: 1. Clean and prepare the steel that need to be welded 2. Ware safety equipment 3.Turn on welding machine 4. Weld Joint slowly 5. Clean the Joint after welding 3- Learner Analysis: here we need to understand what already the learner knows instead of give him/her a training that he/she does not need. This can be accomplished by studding the available employee knowledge and skills that they have and decide what the necessary training that they need is. 4- Learning Objectives: here we need to build a learning objective of the training, it include what the employee should be able to do after taking the training. Suppose that our training was how to weld iron, the objective should be: 1 . Scribe the welding process (ability) 2. List the needed welding equipment (Knowledge) 3. Ability to weld in three different technique (skill) 4. List type of irons that can be welded (Knowledge) 2- Design 1- Design Assessments: here we create an assessment tools to assess if the learner and ability has been improved. In other world we need to check if the training aerogram has achieved its goal that has been decided in the analysis stage consider the learner knowledge, skills and ability, thus the idea is not to trick the learner but to make sure that the goal has been achieved.And this tool can be used later to check the effectiveness of the training program and decide what aspect of the training need to be improved. The assessment tool can be a paper test (multiple choice) or practical test (demonstration of using a machine). 2- Choose a Course Format: here we need to decide the medium by which the course is presented to the learner, it can e a class room, through internet, printed material or a combination. 3- Create an Instructional Strategy: here the instructor has to decide how to deliver the training, that's including the following tools and learning component: Tools learning Component 1.Lectures 2. Reading 3. Projects 4. Discussion 5. Activities 1 . Pre-limitations activity: motivate the learner by showing the value of the training(how will benefit them), show the course objective. 2. Content Presentation: direct to the objective with examples 3. Learner Participation: enable the student to reactive their new information and provide them with feedback. 4. Assessment: Quizzes 5. Follow Through Activity: review main all the training material to provide the student holistic view. – Develop 1- Create a sample: create a sample of the basic instruction martial depending to the previous two phases of EDDIE (analyze, design) to make sure that is consistent with the organization needs and objective. 2- Develop the Course Material: after the management approve that sample of the training build the whale the material with depth 3- Conduct a Run-through: run a rehearsal using all the media and material hat has been created to get a feedback and make sure everything is k. – Implementation 1- Training the Instructor: most of the time the one who develop the training program is also the one who teach the training, but in case the instructor is different personae than the training developer, the instruct should be trained on the course material 2- Prepare the Learners: here the instructor has to make sure that the learner should have the need tools and knowledge to attend the training like prerequisite, material needed, time to attend the training. – Arrange the Learning Space: room, chairs, tables, and projector. – Evaluation 1- Formative Evaluation (at each stage of EDDIE): The evaluation should be done through each phase of the EDDIE model. 1 . One-to- evaluation: This evaluation done one to one between the instruct and the l earner to check the effectives of the material to check its: 1. Clarity of the material: is the material clear and easy to Feasibility of the material: how practical is the material. 2.Small Group Evaluation: same as the above but for group(Clarity, Impact, Feasibility) 3. Filed trial evaluation: here we create real time rehearsal and check if the learners are able to utilize their raining to deal with the situation. (Clarity, Impact, Feasibility) 2- Assumptive Evaluation (at the end of the training): the purpose of this evaluation is to prove the worthiness of the training by evaluation the outcome of: 1. Reaction: getting the reaction of the learner about the training using agree-disagree. . Learning : knowledge (test), skills (performance test ), 3. Behavior : test in actual situation to check if the learner using the new knowledge and skills 4. Result: how does the training does affected the organization in profit, productivity, moral, Job satisfaction Performance management is a set of activities and evaluations that ensure the company is being effective and efficient in the process of meeting its goals and it is ongoing process that evaluates day-to-day performance.It analyzes different elements inside the company structure, such as the 1- performance of the overall company, 2- performance of a specific department, 3- performance process, product or service 4- performance of employee Managers and supervisors act as coach by setting realistic goals and encouraging the employee to achieve these goals, then measuring the result daily or weekly Performance management methods are more flexible than Performance appraisal, and its parameters more tangible concentrate on what an employee can realistically achieve in a day of work.Performance appraisal is intended to measure the performance of employees inside the company for a year. Performance appraisal can be considered as a single step in management performance-a step that focuses on the employee's past perfo rmance. Managers and supervisors act as Judge for the employee work performance by identifies weaknesses and strengths of the employee and set a plane to improve his knees ability utilizing his strength. Performance appraisal use structured and formal method in evaluating the employee, these evaluations consist of specific measures at specific area and they based on the company goals.Performance appraisal sets a high performance measurement to show employees what is expected and encourage them to meet those expectations. Performance management process is a systematic process that contains the flowing component: 1- Planning (Setting expectations) planning means setting performance expectations and goals for groups and individuals to achieve the company goals. Getting employees involved in the planning process will help them understand the goals of the organization, what needs to be done, why it needs to be done, and how well it should be done.Also this step measurable, understandable , and achievable. 2- Monitoring performance Monitoring well means continually measuring performance and providing ongoing feedback to employees and work groups on their progress toward reaching their goals. 3- Developing. Developing means improve the capacity to perform and this can be done by addressing the developmental needs of their employees by training and improve the irking process to become more effective and efficient. 4- Rating.Rating meant rating the employee against performance standard by summarize employee performance, this rating help the manger compare the performance over time or between the employee 5- Rewarding. Rewarding means rewarding good performance and this can be by day-to-day recognition (like say thank you) or it can yearly like cash and time off. It Lifelong, self-monitored process of career planning that involves choosing and setting personal goals, and formulating strategies for achieving them. Employer: The employer should build a career management pr ogram that's meet present and future needs of the company.Retirement Plans: How long I must be employed before you qualify to participate in retirement plans? Vacation and Paid Time Off How long is the yearly vacation? What is the standard time for the vacation? Disability Insurance: Does this company have disability insurance? Does the company have stock options? My benefit package that I will negotiate is: Medical insurance from the first degree, and it should include my family and my parents. Dental Insurance A bonus at the end of the year that does include at least two months' salary. 30-day yearly paid vacation.