Weird Writing Habits of Famous Writers

Famous writers are often remembered not just for their work, but also for unusual, outrageous, peculiar and just plain weird conditions in which they created them, their daily routines, strange preferences and idiosyncrasies. May years after their deaths these writing habits continue to fascinate us, perhaps attracting even more interest than their writings. Jack Kerouac tended to collect notes for his books for years and then explode into a rampage of unstoppable typing. In order to maintain constant tempo and eliminate interruptions necessary for reloading the typewriter, he taped pages into one enormously long scroll and was greatly annoyed when editors asked him to cut it up. John Steinbeck, probably afraid to run out of writing supplies in the midst of inspiration, always kept exactly twelve carefully sharpened pencils at his workplace, in case all of them suddenly break and he has to sharpen them while his latest brilliant idea fades away. These habits, however, are somewhat explainable – there is some kind of logic behind them. Other writers were much more extravagant. Truman Capote, for example, was wildly superstitious. He never began or finished a piece of work on Friday, demanded his hotel room to be changed if there was a 13 in its telephone number and never put more than three cigarette butts into a single ashtray, hiding the rest in his pockets. Friedrich Schiller was known to deliberately keep a pile of rotting apples in one of the drawers of his desk, declaring that this stench served as an inspiration and he could neither live nor write without constantly breathing it in. Virginia Woolf worked at a peculiar self-designed standing desk and wrote in inks of different and rather unorthodox colors, ranging from purple to green, as did Lewis Carrol. Ernest Hemingway was also partial to typing while standing up – although in his case it was probably yet another way to motivate himself to end writing by afternoon and get drunk by three. Some habits, however, although weird when described, were perfectly reasonable from that particular writer’s standpoint. James Joyce always wrote lying on his stomach in a white suit, either with a large blue pencil or with crayons on cardboard. This is always described as an example of pretentious whims writers and other creative people often indulge in, but in fact, it was purely pragmatic decision, as Joyce was almost completely blind, and this manner of writing allowed him to actually see what he was writing. White suit served as an additional light reflector, in case you wonder. Nevertheless, one should of course always remember that these personal quirks, albeit interesting to read about, probably weren’t all exactly real. Both writers themselves and those who report their unusual habits to general public are highly prone to exaggerations. The reason is simple – it is a yet another way to make the writer more interesting, to attract attention to him. A writer who can only write with left hand while jumping on a pogo stick is sure to attract more attention than somebody who just sits and writes – even if the writing itself leaves much to be desired.

Movie Review Horror Movies - 1345 Words

Clark 1 Baili Clark Mr. Karwatsky Freshman Seminar, Per.1 4 May 2015 Horror Movies Why is it that some people enjoy a scary movie and others think that they are too scary or gruesome? Horror movies have been around since the 1960s. Some of those movies actually come from a story that was made up to scare little kids. People would make up a scary story and the parent’s would tell their children the stories to keep them from doing something they didn’t want them to do, but not all of the stories are made up. Some of these stories actually are based off of a true story or something that happened in real life and the characters were changed so that they wouldn’t reveal identities of the people involved. Horror movies, such as, The Nightmare on Elm Street, Jaws, The Mothman Prophecies, and an American Haunting are all movies that are based off of a true event that has happened (Chiller). The movies that were just based off of stories like Monster House, and Casper were just made to teach kids a certain lesson. Like the reason for making the movie Monster House, was to teach kids to stay on your own property because you never know what will happen or what you will get yourself into (Monster House). The lesson from Casper is that you never judge a book by its cover and that you can become friends with anyone no matter what they look like (Casper). Movies have been around since the 1890s, but they were all Clark 2 produced without sound until 1927. Horror is justShow MoreRelatedThe Horror Of Horror Films1360 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Horror Films are unsettling films designed to frighten and panic, cause dread and alarm, and to invoke our hidden worst fears, often in a terrifying, shocking finale, while captivating and entertaining us at the same time in a cathartic experience.† Horror films have been to Hollywood since the early days of cinematography. Horror films are very interesting to watch because horror movies are scary and we don t know what is going happen next. That kind of suspense in the movies makes us watch moreRead MoreThe Determinants Of Box Office Revenue For Horror Movies Essay1170 Words   |  5 Pages The Determinants of Box Office Revenue for Horror Movies is an academic article written by Neil Terry, Robert King, and Jeri J. Walker. It was published in 2010 in the Journal of Global Business Management. The reason I chose this article was because it is relevant to my area of study. I am researching gender role issues in horror films, and I was curious how the movies did in the box office. There have been many different types of horror films done throughout the years like slashers, comedyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Bride Of Frankenstein 1514 Words   |  7 Pagesfor my input to help them compile their list of great horror movies. I decided that the best way to share my input is by choosing two movies from the horror movie genre and comparing and contrasting them to concluded which out of the two is a better horror movie. The first movie that I watched for this discussion is the Bride of Frankenstein, this movie was made in 1935 and directed by James Whale. The Bride of Frankenstein is a sequel to The movie Frankenstein which follows the after math of the suspectedRead MoreGet Out Movie Analysis989 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Bubble Get Out is a mysterious movie that captures your attention right from the beginning. From the instant the movie commenced, I was left with many questions in my head. Why is this person walking alone into the pitch black night in a lonely neighborhood? More importantly, why is an unknown car following his every step? Giving you different perspectives from the starting point of the movie making you wonder what may occur next. Throughout the movie, it has an agenda of unsettling the audienceRead More Slasher Movies: Female Victims or Survivors? Essay1030 Words   |  5 PagesSlasher Movies: Female Victims or Survivors? â€Å"[Scary movies are] all the same. Some stupid killer stalking some big-breasted girl who can’t act who’s always running up the stairs when she should be running out the front door. It’s insulting,† claims the character Sidney, in the movie Scream (1996). This stereotype is what many movie fans and critics believe when the topic of slasher films arise. Slasher films normally include a psychotic killer (either real or supernatural), a number ofRead MoreHorror Films: Things That Go Bump in the Night Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesWe have all had a special interest in horror as long as we can remember. Whether our outlet is through fables, movies, or even figments of our imaginations we all find reason to fear something. (ScienceDaily). The issue is when we begin reaching out to these outlets and pursuing them, putting ourselves in the environment of fear to feel the exhilaration of being frightened but the question is why? Many scientists have given their own explanation to this question but they all differ and there is noRead MoreThe Horror Film Of All Time1345 Words   |  6 PagesImagine browsing your Netflix or Amazon Prime account looking for a good horror flick before settle on something that vaguely sounds interesting as you plop onto your chair waiting for chills and spine tingling excitement. The opening scenes pops up, a man in a peter pan hat is running through the forest pursued by legions of little evil looking creatures wielding fake plastic spears. Soon, the man collapses out of breath, when suddenly a beautiful woman appears, holding a bowl of green goop. TheRead MorePirates Of The Caribbe On Stranger Tides1246 Words   |  5 Pagesspends more money on movies than ever before, with an average budget of $140 million per movie. Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides; the most expensive movie ever made; cost approximately $378.5 million and that was five years ago. This isn’t surprising since history is witness to a rising trend in money spent on movies, even after adjusting for inflation, however, their impact on the industry isn’t as large as their budgets. Over the years, lower cost productions like B-Movies have played a majorRead MoreFilm Review: Shrek1061 Words   |  4 PagesShrek, a Movie for both Kids and Adults Cartoons are generally intended for children. There are adult cartoons but most of the animated movies are directed at kids because they make it easy to produce fantasies and make heroes children can associate themselves with. Latest developments in graphics and cinematic technology, however, can turn cartoons into real-like images. A good example of a film that displays this technology is Disneys Shrek (2001). Shrek is a cartoon but its makers used latestRead More Sleepy Hollow Film Review Essay1162 Words   |  5 Pages ‘Sleepy Hollow’ film Review Blood and murder usually go down a treat for the people who love gore but this is not the case in the movie ‘Sleepy Hollow’. Repetition is the key to an ultimately predictable film. Just as in any other film we see a substance with a resemblance to blood fall onto a piece of paper. This tells our minds the movie will have elements of horror. Then two hands, male and female, clasp. A headless horseman then appears decapitating an innocent man on the run in the woods.

Methods And Impacts Of Water Conservation Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

Water is the individual most deciding factor of dwellers of any land, both measure and quality of life is determined by the sum of free H2O in being in or on the land. Water in Utah comes from three chief beginnings ; land H2O, springs and artesian Wellss, and surface H2O. Although H2O from some beginnings is clean plenty to imbibe straight, in order to make Utah H2O quality ordinances the H2O must be treated. We will write a custom essay sample on Methods And Impacts Of Water Conservation Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Water that is used by Utah occupants can be captured and reused, nevertheless, it does come at a cost, and it might be merely excessively much for some to pay for. Water preservation makes it so that our supplies of H2O go farther. There are many different degrees of preservation possible through landscape gardening, residential and commercial patterns. By increasing the consciousness of H2O use, we can diminish the impact that is caused to our H2O system. If Utah occupants continue to utilize H2O as they do today, we will be in a drouth by the twelvemonth 2050. Without farther instruction and better advertisement and publicity of H2O preservation, our future coevalss will endure. Background of Water Conservation Early Utah in 1847 Mormon colonists made rough dikes. The Salt Lake Valley was a desert so they needed to water in order to have H2O for their harvests. The primary H2O the early colonists received was from the Jordan River and canyon watercourses. Water jurisprudence started so when the colonists came to Utah ( Bowden P. 1 ) Water jurisprudence was called, â€Å" anterior appropriation † and gave permission for the first individual in clip to utilize the H2O foremost and back in clip to utilize it 2nd, etcetera. The H2O jurisprudence besides stated, â€Å" utilize it or lose it † , intending that if you do non utilize the H2O right in order that you were say to so you lost your privilege and had to reapply for H2O rights ( Bowden, p. 1-2, ) . This shows that even back when the province was originally settled there was demand for H2O preservation and for the H2O system to be organized. There is a big diverseness of rainfall over the province ; some topographic points receive every bit small as 5 inches and some every bit much as 60 inches yearly. Although we are the 2nd driest province in the United States, we have the 2nd best H2O use per individual in the US. Utah largely uses snowmelt to H2O and feed our fresh H2O systems that we have made to administer the H2O. Utah has an advanced and well-used irrigation system and Utah has figured out ways of hive awaying the H2O for later use through our dikes, reservoirs, and H2O armored combat vehicles ( The History of Utah Water, 2007 ) . Attempts to Reduce the Impact Conservation In the article Why Conserve? ( 2012 ) it is stated that, â€Å" If Utahns can cut down per-capita ingestion of H2O by 25 % by 2050, they will conserve the equivalent of over 500,000 acre-feet of H2O per twelvemonth. That is more H2O than can be held in Jordanelle Reservoir and Deer Creek Reservoir combined, and more than any H2O undertaking in Utah has developed † Projections from Why Conserve? besides province that by the twelvemonth 2050 if Utah continues to utilize H2O at the rate we do, and if population growing continues to tendency like it has, Utah ‘s peak H2O use season will max out our H2O resources and do a drouth. As the population in Utah continues to turn, it is projected that by the twelvemonth 2050, Utah will max out its H2O resources ensuing in a drouth. By devouring 25 % less H2O, Utahns could salvage over 500,000 acre-feet of H2O per twelvemonth. For an illustration of how much H2O this is, combine the Waterss held in Jordanelle and Deer Creek Reservoirs. Using that much less H2O per twelvemonth will guarantee the handiness of H2O for old ages to come ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.conservewater.utah.gov/WhyConserve/ ) . A valuable manner to cut down the sum of H2O Utah abode usage is to roll up rainwater. Rainwater reaping is now, as of May 11th 2010, legal to reap ; nevertheless, a license must be obtained from the Division of Water Rights web page. There are a few restrictions in topographic point to do certain the H2O tabular array is adequately replenished ; merely one belowground 2500-gallon storage armored combat vehicle and two 100-gallon aboveground storage armored combat vehicles are allowed. The H2O collected can non be used for all family uses, but for smaller things like irrigating gardens and lawns, rinsing autos and other outdoor usage ( Jenkins, 2010 ) . Harmonizing to www.rules.utah.gov greywater is defined as, â€Å" untreated effluent, which has non come into contact with lavatory waste. Greywater includes effluent from bathing tub, showers, bathroom washbowls, apparels rinsing machines, wash bath, etc. , and does non include effluent from kitchen sinks, exposure lab sinks, dish washers, garage floor drains, or other risky chemicals † ( Rule R317-401, 2012 ) . A A A A A A Greywater is legal to capture and to utilize but the Torahs are really specific and rigorous on every facet of greywater. There are several pages of ordinance and authorizations on the particulars of the jurisprudence of greywater capturing. The storage armored combat vehicle has to be 250 gallons or more, the armored combat vehicle can be above land if it is placed on a four inch midst, sealed, leveled slab of cement. The armored combat vehicle has to be fitted with several valves, adjustments, pipes, and gages that all have to be accessible for review. The greywater can merely be used in belowground infiltration methods that have a batch of criterions and specifications to continue. Dirt that the H2O is used on has to let certain sums of H2O through at a specific rate and it must be off from many possible jeopardies like: watercourses, rivers, veggies in a garden can non come in direct contact, edifices, houses, H2O tabular array and more. In the terminal, it is non wor th the clip, fuss, or money to roll up greywater. ( Rule R317-401, 2012 ) . Landscaping Landscaping is one of the largest ingestions of H2O use. In Utah, most occupants use 60 % -70 % of their H2O on landscape gardening. During the winter months, H2O use is lower, but as spring and summer come around, H2O use can take a drastic addition. There are several methods that can be practiced to diminish the sum of H2O used on landscaping without enduring the peace and beauty that a garden can offer ( hypertext transfer protocol: //centralutahgardens.org/ ) . In an interview conducted with Casey Finlinson, the Assistant Conservation Horticulturist at the Central Utah Water Conservancy District ( personal communicating, 10/05/2012 ) , he explained how there are so many different ways we can conserve H2O in our landscape gardening picks. Xeriscape is frequently a pick we can utilize to assist cut down usage of H2O. At the Central Utah Water Conservancy Gardens, they prefer to mention to xeriscape as H2O efficient landscaping. This is because when people hear the word xeriscape, they confuse it hearing â€Å" nothing † flower stalk, acquiring the thought that means holding a pace filled stones, cactus, soil and really small to no grass. Even though xeriscaping and H2O efficient landscaping mean the same thing, people prefer to hear the later and seem to better associate to the broad possibilities that are available. In a survey done by the American Water Works Association over a five twelvemonth period of clip, the overall costs of xeriscaping was compared to the traditional methods of caring for sod. Residents who participated found a 30 % nest eggs in H2O use, an overall lessening in care cost clip as compared to those who maintained traditional landscape gardening. The construct of xeriscaping provides a delighting expression to a place, while utilizing H2O resources efficaciously ( Sovocool, Morgan A ; Bennett, 2006 ) . To be effectual with H2O efficient landscape gardening, there are seven stairss to follow. The first measure involves the planning and design of your pace. As one designs their pace, they can take what best fits their demands and involvements while paying attending to inside informations such as H2O, infinite and visible radiation demands for each works. Planning is indispensable when taking a H2O wise landscape. The following measure involves analysing your dirt. Different types of dirt usage H2O otherwise. A flaxen dirt is more like a screen, while a clay type dirt holds H2O in. Blending mulch with your dirt can assist equally administer the H2O and following irrigating guidelines specific to the dirt type can guarantee proper H2O use ( hypertext transfer protocol: //centralutahgardens.org/7_steps.aspx ) . Plant choice is step three. When sing the Central Utah Water Conservancy Gardens, one may pick up a booklet that lists all the workss that are turning in the garden. While walking through and acquiring thoughts, you can tag the box next to the works which you are interested in. Knowing what types of workss best suite the dirt and clime demands is of import. Choosing practical sizes for lawn countries and type of grass to utilize is step four ( hypertext transfer protocol: //centralutahgardens.org/7_steps.aspx ) . Once workss and grass are chosen, concentrating on how to H2O everything expeditiously is step five. There are assorted types of scattering systems and drip irrigating systems that can present H2O efficaciously to want topographic points. Knowing how frequently and how much H2O to utilize can assist workss develop a deep root system, giving them strength to last through times of drouth or utmost heat. Step six suggests utilizing about three inches of mulch around bushs and workss because this helps to maintain H2O from vaporizing while maintaining workss cool ( hypertext transfer protocol: //centralutahgardens.org/7_steps.aspx ) . The concluding measure of a H2O efficient landscape is to pattern proper pace attention. Regular care and pruning helps maintain workss healthy. Monitoring workss for disease and insects and detecting dirt conditions can cut down the emphasis on workss, guaranting their wellness and ability to use the H2O. With proper planning, seting and attention we are able to use our H2O resources more sagely ( hypertext transfer protocol: //centralutahgardens.org/7_steps.aspx ) . There are besides other methods which can be followed to continue our H2O supply. These illustrations come from the Mono Lake community. Mono Lake supplies Los Angeles, California with the bulk of its H2O. The lake was being depleted so rapidly to the point of about being dried up, attempts were enacted to refill the H2O supply and educate the community. Now the lake is keeping the same degree it was in 1970 despite the drastic growing of over 1 million people in the encompassing country. Puting lawn mower blades one notch higher, rinsing autos on the lawn, and non irrigating on overcast/rainy yearss can salvage an norm up to 1500 gallons of H2O each month. Even by brushing the private road alternatively of hosing it down can salvage more than 600 gallons a month. By doing little attempts to salvage a small H2O, the H2O beginnings communities draw from will be more capable of functioning us to run into our hereafter needs ( Mono Lake, 2012 ) . In Residential Homes Water preservation makes it so that our supplies of H2O go farther. Besides, when you use less H2O it makes for less work for the H2O intervention installations, which in bend makes it so that less energy is used. Conserving H2O besides saves energy. When a individual uses less hot H2O they save on H2O warming. There are so many good ways to conserve H2O around everybody ‘s house ( Mono Lake, 2012 ) . Conservation in the bathroom Make certain your lavatory is an ultra-low flower theoretical account, which uses merely one and a half gallons per flower. If you ‘re taking a shower, do n’t blow cold H2O waiting for hot H2O to make the showerhead. Catch that H2O in a container to utilize on your outside workss or to blush your lavatory. Saves 200 – 300 gallons a month. Check lavatory for leaks. Put dye tablets or nutrient colouring into the armored combat vehicle. If colour appears in the bowl without blushing, there ‘s a leak that should be repaired. Saves 400 gallons a month. Turn off the H2O while brushing your dentitions. Saves three gallons each twenty-four hours. Turn off the H2O while shaving. Fill the underside of the sink with a few inches of H2O to rinse your razor. Saves three gallons each twenty-four hours. Conservation in the kitchen If you wash dishes by manus – and that ‘s the best manner – do n’t go forth the H2O running for rinsing. If you have two sinks, make full one with rinse H2O. If you merely have one sink, utilize a spray device or short blasts alternatively of allowing the H2O tally. Saves 200 – 500 gallons a month. When rinsing dishes by manus, use the least sum of detergent possible. This minimizes rinse H2O needed. Saves 50 – 150 gallons a month. Keep a bottle of imbibing H2O in the icebox. This beats the uneconomical wont of running tap H2O to chill it for imbibing. Saves 200 – 300 gallons a month. Do n’t deice frozen nutrients with running H2O. Either program in front by puting frozen points in the icebox overnight or deice them in the microwave. Saves 50 – 150 gallons a month. Do n’t allow the spigots run while you clean veggies. Rinse them in a filled sink or pan. Saves 150 – 250 gallons a month. Use the refuse disposal less and the refuse more ( even better – compost! ) Saves 50 – 150 gallons a month. Mono Lake, 2012 A batch of people believe that taking a shower alternatively of a bath conserves H2O, even many H2O and energy environmentalists frequently say this. This is non needfully true, it truly depends on what sort of showerhead is being used. Other factors include if there is a â€Å" flow restrictor † in the showerhead and how long you shower. Most places that were built before 1992 do non hold a flow restrictor in the showerhead and if there is non one in the showerhead â€Å" opportunities are your showerheads put out about five gallons of H2O per minute ( gpm ) † ( Consumer energy, 2012 ) . If a showerhead does set out five gallons per minute so you would clock five by the figure of proceedingss you shower and that would be the sum of H2O being sent down the drain. On norm it takes 30-50 gallons of H2O to make full a bathing tub. Therefore, if a individual takes the mean 15 minute shower with an old showerhead it would be 75 gallons of H2O traveling down the drain. The showerheads with flow restrictors in them use about half the H2O of the old showerheads, hence, that same 15 minute shower with a flow restrictor would merely be 37.5 gallons traveling down the drain ( Consumer energy, 2012 ) . However, harmonizing to the Department of Energy â€Å" list the mean shower as devouring 12 gallons, † must be with the flow restrictor, â€Å" and the mean bath merely nine gallons of H2O ( Consumer studies, 2012 ) . I tested this nine gallon theory by mensurating out nine gallons of H2O into my bathing tub. I so measured how many inches this was and it was merely 2.25 inches high in my bath. This is non a sensible sum of H2O to take a bath in. Peoples from the Consumer Report say that 20 gallons for a bath is more sensible [ aˆÂ ¦ ] and that it is of import to hold a clip bound for showers and to utilize a â€Å" low-flow † showerhead ( Consumer studies, 2012 ) . A individual can prove to see the sum of H2O they use in a shower or a bath. They can stop up the bath when they shower and after they are done lavishing they can see how much H2O is in the bath. If this is more than they would utilize for a bath than they may be better off taking a bath, if it is less than they would utilize for a bath so it would do sense, preservation wise, for them to go on taking showers ( Consumer energy, 2012 ) . Low-flow showerheads are available that use merely 1.5 gallons of H2O per minute, every bit good as â€Å" shower timers † , although it has been said that the shower timers are non every bit conserving as the low-flow showerheads. The shower timers are more of a â€Å" behavioural tool † for people to utilize so that they may alter how they shower and push them toward preservation ( Consumer studies, 2012 ) . A twosome other preservation tips that one can make is to non shave in the shower and to turn the shower off while floging up. There are besides automatic spigots, automatic lavatories, and waterless urinals ( Yosemite, 2012 ) . Home versus commercial fixtures The mean place bathroom spigot uses 2.2 gallons of H2O per minute, some low-flow place bathroom spigots can utilize every bit small as 1.5 gallons per minute ( Yosemite, 2012 ) . Commercial bathroom spigots have an mean set sum of half a gallon per minute when used with a half-gallon per minute aerator ( Yosemite, 2012 ) . The mean lavatory that is non a low-flow lavatory uses about 4.5 gallons per flower, whereas the low-flow lavatories can utilize merely 1.6 gallons per flower ( Tampa gov. , 2012 ) . This is the best manner to conserve H2O through your lavatory. However, another manner to conserve through lavatories is to put in a â€Å" retrofitting flushometer † which is a tankless lavatory ( Tampa gov. , 2012 ) . Impacts of Water Usage Where is imbibing H2O for Utah coming from? Utah ‘s H2O comes from several topographic points. The municipal H2O beginnings include groundwater, natural springs and artesian Wellss, and surface H2O. These beginnings of H2O are replenished largely by snowpack and the remainder by the other signifiers of precipitation. There are 18 municipal providers of H2O to Utah and 12 hydrologic basins which feed into these providers. Of the 951,901 acre-feet of H2O used in 2005, approximately 60 % was drinkable H2O and 40 % was non-potable H2O used by industry ( Municipal and Industrial Water Supply and Use Studies, 2009 ) . How is Our Water Used? Water is indispensable to all signifiers of life, non merely for worlds. It provides many maps in the organic structure, such as temperature ordinance, to transport substances, and besides as a lubricator for articulations, variety meats, and tissues ( Wardlaw A ; Smith, 2012 ) . Water, particularly big organic structures of H2O such as lakes and oceans, plays a major function in the Earth ‘s ecosystem and affects the clime and conditions of parts ( National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [ NOAA ] , 2012 ) . Harmonizing to the National Climatic Data Center, the past 12 months ( October 2011-September 2012 ) have been Utah ‘s 11th driest twelvemonth since 1895. In one-year precipitation in the twentieth century, Utah averages merely 11.59 inches ( NOAA, 2012 ) . Fires, particularly wildfires, are a large concern in Utah since it is one of the driest provinces. Current twelvemonth to day of the month figures approximate that 420,000 estates have been burned by wildfires in Utah ( Year-to-date fires, 2012 ) . In add-on to other methods of contending these fires, aerial firefighting usage H2O from lakes and reservoirs to drop H2O bombs. Because of the demand to contend these fires, big H2O beginnings in Utah are really indispensable to snuff outing wildfires. Another importance of H2O to Utah is legion sums of organic structures of H2O which attract touristry, assisting to hike Utah ‘s economic system. Utah State Parks non merely have to concentrate on public safety for H2O diversion, but besides the protection of natural resources. The following amounts up the intents of the State Park ‘s Boating plan ( Boating instruction, n.d ) : Utah ‘s Boating Program aims to educate and inform boat operators about boating Torahs and regulations established to supply public safety and protect our natural resources on Utah ‘s waterways. Our attempts are funded through boat enrollment fees, province revenue enhancements on gasolene used in powerboats, and federal yachting safety grants. With an ever-increasing demand on Utah ‘s limited figure of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, leghorns must utilize their H2O diversion resources sagely. Harmonizing to Utah Foundation Research ( Making an oasis, 2002 ) , the largest H2O user in Utah is agribusiness, which accounts for 85 % of all H2O use. In Provo, Brigham Young University and Pacific States, a dramatis personae Fe pipe production works, are the largest users of H2O. Because of increased industrial and commercial H2O usage during the summer season, Provo metropolis has increased culinary H2O cost in order to promote H2O preservation. Those rates are at $ 0.884 per one 1000 gallons between the months of May and October. During other months, the rates are at $ 0.528 per one 1000 gallons. Ratess are increased during the summer season because H2O use is higher during that clip period due to agriculture and landscaping care. For a comparing of H2O use in summer months versus winter months in assorted communities, refer to Postpone A and Table B in the appendix. Since H2O is so cheap, an single household or place may non see a immense cost impact on their H2O measure if they conserve H2O. As such, places should concentrate more on the environmental impact instead than the fiscal impact of H2O preservation. ( T. Messick, personal communicating, October 16, 2012 ) . Decision Continuing our H2O resources is necessary to prolonging life. In a study from Krumholz, Haugen and Lindquist ( 2005 ) , it is predicted by the United Nations Project that one out of three people in the universe will non hold adequate H2O to prolong life by the twelvemonth 2025. Some thoughts for continuing this critical resource include minimising pollution to fresh H2O beginnings and increasing the degree of consciousness among persons, groups and communities about the necessary demand to be aware of H2O use and saving. Some methods of H2O preservation include roll uping rain H2O, utilizing appropriate landscaping H2O methods, being mindful of how we use our H2O in our places and utilizing devices that help decrease the end product from H2O fixtures. As members of society take portion in cut downing the human impact that can take to H2O deficit, it will be easier to refill and keep the natural H2O beginnings we have available. Appendix Table A ( Water rate constructions in Utah, 2005 ) Table Bacillus ( Water rate constructions in Utah, 2005 ) How to cite Methods And Impacts Of Water Conservation Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Digital Marketing Strategy for Implementation - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theDigital Marketing Strategy for Implementation. Answer: Being a rental car service company, Gocar needs to set their digital marketing strategy to address and attract the target customers. This is due to multiple reasons. The customers are likely to be online and search for online resources to resolve any quarry they have. Moreover, the Gocar is a mobile application based car service that helps the customers rent a car to set out for journey. They provide the customers to their door steps from where they can take the car anywhere they like for a fixed amount of charges. The trip is considered to be over only when the car is returned to its pick up location. This is a convenient service first started by Gocar in the face of Ireland. Digital marketing strategy is just like a normal marketing strategy to fulfill the organizational goal. However, the marketing strategy based on digital sources is different from the normal mode of strategy as it requires different planning. The planning involves multiple steps to attain its success. The following part of the discussion proposes an effective digital marketing strategy that can help Gocar addressing their overall goal. Buyer Personas The first step of digital marketing strategy should be to identify the ideal customers of the business, that can be created by research, survey and interviewing the target audience. However, in case of digital marketing the digital resources are prioritized for gathering the information. This data quantitative data involves location, age and income of the customers. (Chaffey and Bosomworth 2012) Company can utilize google analytics to identify the location, form where the maximum traffic is coming from. This will be evaluated in the later section of the report. Qualitative information on the other hand involves the goals, challenges and priorities of the possible target customers. Marketing goals Accordig to Chaffey and Ellis-Chadwick (2016) the marketing goals of Gocar have to be aligned with the companys business goal. Moreover, this requires the company to have a measurement tool calculate the effectiveness of the marketing strategy. Evaluation of existing digital marketing channels It is important for Gocar to evaluate the exiting marketing channel before incorporating ne strategy. The existing marketing channel is of three types that are owned, earned and paid media framework. It will help Gocar to categorise the digital vehicles, assets or channels already being used. The owned media is the digital asset Gocare holds. This can be the website, social media profiles, blog content or imagery, owned channels and the application the company use. The company has to have complete control over these Medias for calling them owned media. Earned media on the other hand are those reviews received from the customers. It can be earned when other people share companys content, getting press mentions and positive reviews. Lastly, the paid media refers to the channels used by the company for promoting their content for an exchange of money (Ottman2011). It is to grab the attention of the target customer groups for which, they can utilize various third party social media chann els like Google AdWords, paid social media posts, native advertising and other possible means. The above mentioned can help identifying the current scenario of digital marketing used by the organization for meeting their goal. It also identifies the efficiency of these marketing channels. It will further help in identifying the gap in current digital marketing strategy of the organization and start thinking about the required modification. Audit and plan the owned media The owned media should always be prioritized as all the other channels direct the customers to the owned media channel. It is important for Gocar to align their content in the owned media with their digital marketing goals. The process involves audit of the existing content, identify the gaps in the existing content and create a content creation plan. The first step is to study the existing content and rank the available contents in priority based order (Lovett and Staelin 2016). Next is to identify the modification required in the existing content for attaining the digital marketing goals. Gocar in the final step will require formulating a plan for creating the content necessary. Gocar can use a simple spreadsheet. However, it is mandatory to include budget information in case they want to outsource the creation process. In case of self production of the content, they require to produce a timeframe required for the task. Audit and plan the earned media This step involves the identification of the inbound traffic for the existing content. Gocar needs to identify the location of maximum inbound traffic they are receiving. The next step is to rank each of the earned media sources according to their effectiveness. Google Analytics can help in acquiring the information required. It is likely to find on or the other content receiving more traffic (Stephen and Galak 2012). The company can then align their goals with their earned media. It is to determine how earned media can contribute in the process of achieving the goals. Gocar can utilize the media from where they receive maximum traffic for minimizing the gap between the current status and the goal. Audit and plan the paid media This step of digital media marketing requires Gocar to identify the maximum traffic received from the paid media. It will be pointless to continuously invest in the media that is attracting less amount of traffic, hence can revise the investment accordingly (Lovett and Staelin 2016). Bring it together The final step of the proposed strategy is to bring together all the data recovered and analyzed. This will give Gocar detailed information on the profile, goal, inventories and content. They can then formulate a strategy document based on this information. The document will contain the required modification and plan that needs to be implemented on the digital marketing of the company that can help attaining the goals of the company. Digital Marketing Tactics Google Analytics can be a useful tool for identifying the necessary marketing channels for the business to attract the customers. The process of identification involves the analysis of the data from all the channels that are directing traffic to the companys website. It includes the organic search, paid search, social media, referrals a direct traffic (Crutzen, Roosjen and Poelman 2012.). It is noticed that the service provided by Google Analytics is used by a few number of organizations despite of its utility. Gocar should implement this tool as a digital marketing tactics for monitoring all the platforms and understand the efficiency of the channels in terms of advertising. It further helps in gathering data on how many users are actually converting. This means that it not only tracks down the number of visitors that are being diverted to the website and the location of these users, it also communicates the information on how many users are actually completing their actions (Plaza 2011). Moreover, types of actions are also possible to track down using the Google Analytic tool. The Google Analytic Channel further offers the company to use some of the basic digital marketing channels that could possibly be utilized. They are organic search or SEO, paid media, display, emails, referrals, social media and others. These channels can prove to be useful for Gocar in their digital marketing venture. Rationality of the selected Channels The channels selected for the Gocar has utility in both individual and community level. The email services and referrals are sent to attract individual customers. The company can utilize the Google Analytics tool for identifying the potential customers in a given location and send promotional contents for availing the services provided by the company. This is believed to be one of the best digital marketing channels in present in the market. Social media marketing and organic search or SEO is another important marketing channels recommended for the company. It is because the second largest traffic a company can receive is from their social media pages and organic. People are more into social media these days and are attached to all the time. Hence, it is one of the best possible ways to get the customers attention by posting contents in the companys social networking pages. Pay per click Advertising is another marketing channel that Gocar can use to get success in their digital marketing process. The channel is a paid channel where the company placing advertisement has to pay to the host website every time a viewer clicks on the advertisement. Various benefits are identifiable for the companies who are using pay per click. Some of the benefits of using this channel of advertising are as follows: It is measurable and tractable and one can easily measure the improvement achieved. Quick entry which helps the companies to meet the gap with the competitors nad attain the level of popularity in short time. Puts the company in control Work well with other marketing channels disrupting the process. Provides incredible targeting options (Kritzinger and Weideman 2013). Display Advertising has recently risen in the market due to its potentiality to efficiently convey the message to the customer. It has the capability to convey all sorts of messages. It is the designed advertisements that are placed next to the content on the websites, e-mails or other digital format and also in instant messaging. The graphical presentations help catching the customers attention. Hence, it not only helps in promoting the products or offers, but also increases the online presence of the company and reach out the customers (Goldfarb and Tucker 2011). Additionally, it facilitates in increasing the brand awareness and driving leads. Blogging is considered as another channel of promotion as it helps in driving traffic to the company website. It further increases the SEO. It requires using particular key words that will help the customers to find the business in the internet. This blogs further requires quality content to develop the interest of the reader to go through the complete information provided. Moreover, the quality content provided on the blog will position the brand as the industry leader (Onishi and Manchanda 2012). Last but not the least; it helps in developing relationship with the customers. Type of content to be used It is necessary for the company to select its content wisely as it determines efficiency of the digital marketing. The customers are interested only the benefits they will receive form the service or products. Hence, it is important to deliver the core content to the customers and avoid unnecessary information. References Chaffey, D. and Bosomworth, D., 2012. Digital marketing strategy.Implementation and Practice. Chaffey, D. and Ellis-Chadwick, F., 2016.Digital marketing. Pearson. Crutzen, R., Roosjen, J.L. and Poelman, J., 2012. Using Google Analytics as a process evaluation method for Internet-delivered interventions: an example on sexual health.Health promotion international,28(1), pp.36-42. Goldfarb, A. and Tucker, C., 2011. Online display advertising: Targeting and obtrusiveness.Marketing Science,30(3), pp.389-404. Kritzinger, W.T. and Weideman, M., 2013. Search engine optimization and pay-per-click marketing strategies.Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce,23(3), pp.273-286. Lovett, M.J. and Staelin, R., 2016. The role of paid, earned, and owned media in building entertainment brands: Reminding, informing, and enhancing enjoyment.Marketing Science,35(1), pp.142-157. Onishi, H. and Manchanda, P., 2012. Marketing activity, blogging and sales.International Journal of Research in Marketing,29(3), pp.221-234. Ottman, J., 2011.The new rules of green marketing: Strategies, tools, and inspiration for sustainable branding. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Plaza, B., 2011. Google Analytics for measuring website performance.Tourism Management,32(3), pp.477-481. Stephen, A.T. and Galak, J., 2012. The effects of traditional and social earned media on sales: A study of a microlending marketplace.Journal of Marketing Research,49(5), pp.624-639.

Public Transport free essay sample

Agreeing with the statement that public transport is less commonly used in the world than private transport due to some causes which prevent us from the use of public transport frequently. Total number of cars available in UK are increasing dramatically from 1888 and it is estimated that by by200 there will be 29 millions cars on the British road. This tremendous increase in car use causes the reduction in public transport which is now suggested as more efficient than cars because they dont need more economical aid like cars and only 4% of total maintenance cost is required unlike cars with 17% of total worlds wealth is poured on its maintenance. Cars consume more than 5% of the salary of a person but it also gives privacy and safety from others and it also helpful in family trips and this type of transport is a little bit pollution free due to less consumption of fuels or pollutants than public transport. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Transport or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It can be run in bad climatic condition too and in different landscape such as hilly mountains were trains cannot develop a good network. Although, cars are helpful in keeping your journey private but has risen economical fears on the international level. Its economic need is increasing as the variety of cars is increasing and it cost high amount of income from the yearly budget globally. Therefore, this fact concerns us to get back with the public transport system which need less amount of money investment and can be cut the economic crisis coming in the world by the private transport and able to manage economic development too. Moreover, alternate forms of transport like railways,roadways,metro trains, or even bicycles which are widely used in European countries can be encouraged. There is an urgent need of a law that can control the excess use of cars though out the world. So, we can help ourselves from getting out of this financial problems.

Movies Adapted From James Patterson Books

Movies Adapted From James Patterson Books James Patterson is an American author best known for his compelling books. His works tend to fall into the young adult fiction, thriller, and romance categories. With such exciting plots, many of his books have been turned into movies. For James Patterson book fans interested in watching a movie adaptation, or for those who would rather experience a story through film rather than text, here is a list of James Patterson movies by year. Kiss the Girls (1997) The protagonist is Alex Cross, a sharp Washington D.C. cop, and forensic psychologist. His niece is kidnapped and held captive by a serial killer by the name of Cassanova. One of his victims who escaped, Kate, joins forces with Alex to find his niece.   Starring Morgan Freeman and Ashley Judd, this crime-mystery thriller will keep you on the edge of your seat. Miracle on the 17th Green (1999) This sports drama revolves around the game of golf. Mitch loses his job, and rather than find another job at age 50, he decides to compete on the senior golf tour. But this decision affects his home life, as his wife and family start to feel neglected.   Along Came a Spider (2001) Another movie in the Alex Cross series, Morgan Freeman returns as the titular psychologist and detective. Alex loses his partner on the job. Experiencing insurmountable guilt, he retires from working in the field. That is until a senators daughter is kidnapped and the criminal will only deal with Alex. First to Die (2003) Homicide inspector Lindsay Boxer is dealing with a lot. In the case of her career, her team successfully captures a serial killer but she also finds herself falling for her partner. All the while, she is secretly handling a life-threatening disease. Suzannes Diary for Nicholas (2005) Christina Applegate stars as Dr. Suzanne Bedord in this romance-drama. Suzanne discovers the truth about her former lover in a round-about way- through the diary that his first wife wrote to their son.   Sundays at Tiffanys (2010) Jane is about to get married to TV star, Hugh. But not all is happy and well. In fact, Hugh is only using Jane to get a lead role in a movie and Janes mother is very controlling. Janes childhood imaginary friend, Michael, reappears in her life. In fact, Michael is a guardian angel that is sent to help neglected children until they turn 9-years-old. This is the first time Michael meets with one of his kids when they are adults.   Maximum Ride (2016) This action-thriller follows six kids, who arent really human. They are human-avian hybrids bred in a lab which they escaped from and now hide-out in the mountains. When the youngest is kidnapped, everyone else tries to get her back and learn secrets about their enigmatic past in the process.

Dissent Theory Profile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dissent Theory Profile - Essay Example Usually in a group, there are two types of people: there are those who identify strongly with the group and others who have weak identification with the group. Those are who are strongly identified are the ones prone to dissent from the norms in order to protect the rest of their social group and their identities from outside forces in every way they deem possible. What is astonishing about the theory is that these same people who are strongly identified with the group will not easily and quickly dissent if the challenge is not on their group but on themselves as individuals. This provides a strong sense of how deeply these people feel about their social group which they identify with and the extent they can go to for the group which is not even the same they can go for themselves. The weak identifiers with the group are the exact opposite of the strong identifiers as they cannot go an extra mile (such as challenging the system or dissenting) for their social group members but when it comes to them, they will act to protect themselves more than the strong identifiers do to themselves. Weak identifiers are just an indication of the non-conformity that arises out of some people being disengaged from the group norm while strong identifiers are an indication of the non-conformity that arises out of desire to help group members or even change the group. The aspect of social interaction is important for this group of people and anyone or anything trying to challenge this social interaction is deemed an enemy and must be fought with or discouraged to continue doing so. It is for this reason of trying to protect their social interaction and identities to each other that people find the need to dissent. The reason for the dissent is justifiable as they are protecting not only their organizational duties but their social and psychological ones as well (Kassing, 2011). The dissent may even be an organizational norm but this does not matter and

Activity Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Activity Report - Essay Example From the cooperation, portrayed by all members of the team, all plans indicated in the work plan were achieved as planned. During the first month of the project, the group held a meeting, whose agenda was to outline all the requirements required for successful of the project. All members of the group attended the meeting held at the conference centre and the online meeting. Upon successful completion of the meetings, e-mails containing minutes and roles of each member in the project, were sent to all members to avoid future miscommunications. With the assistance of Sheehan book on ‘Technical communication’, my group has opted for the use of computer skills to make the team’s work easier. Computers have aided in fast and effective communication between members of the group as well as conducting comprehensive research on the requirements of the project. Majority of the members of the group are optimistic that with the use of computers, they will be in an easier position to research on their work, edit and present in a more fashionable manner. Thanks to Sheehan (pp.45) on his work, my group has portrayed the best skills and virtues of team work. We were able to prepare documents as well as print them, thus having an easier time while making the team’s presentations to the

Buddhism 'psychological' Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Buddhism 'psychological' - Essay Example Buddhism is typically an Eastern religion for it focuses on human suffering and offers practical solutions to counter it. Rather than dealing with the paranormal and the supernatural, it is a practical philosophy toward life. In other words, Buddhism can be seen as offering psychological insights into the workings of the human mind, an understanding of which will benefit the individual subject. Both Buddhism and psychology can be seen as systems of philosophy. The idea of detachment is a central Buddhist doctrine, which has strong resonance in modern psychoanalysis. Since much of human suffering arises from the loss of an attached object (which could be material, personal or emotional), Buddhism advices the practice of detaching oneself from such objects as a way of preventing hurt and loss. This idea is also expressed as the achievement of a state of lack of desire. But therein lies an important contradiction. If an individual sets a goal of attaining a state of lack of desire, then he/she is getting attached to the goal. This paradox also has parallels in psychology, where it is referred to as neurosis. Just as desire is what brings about most human suffering, so does neurosis the cause of most psychological disturbances such as anxiety, panic, depression, obsessive behavior, etc. In this way there are strong similarities between Buddhism and psychology. Buddhism can be considered psychological in that it recognizes the importance of the psyche in perceiving and ascertaining the material world. It says that by controlling ones mind and shaping ones thoughts a great deal of personal tranquility can be achieved. Therapeutic techniques in psychology also attempt to do the same. The only difference is that while Buddhism uses the revelatory knowledge of Gautam Buddha in teaching these techniques, modern psychology employs quasi-scientific theories about cognition and mental conditioning as part of the treatment. To the extent that prevailing

The delft network in the netherlands

The delft network in the netherlands 1 About the Delft network Delft is a city located in the Netherlands, having a population of 96168. It is spread over an area of 24 sq.km. (Wikipedia 2009a). The Delft University of Technology is the largest technical university in the Netherlands, with over 15,000 students (Wikipedia 2009b). Due to the significant student population, cycling is an important mode of transport. Delft is bound by freeways on all sides, except the southern, which is delimited by a highway. The hierarchy of roads in Delft is freeways, highways, main roads, and local roads. The railway line cuts across the city, running in the north-south direction from the centre of the city. A main road and a highway are the main linkages between the two freeways on the either side of the railway line. 2 Transport Problem in Delft The railway line passing through Delft is a component of one of the principal railway connections in the Netherlands, connecting Rotterdam and The Hague. The existing 2-track railway line is insufficient, and it has been planned to be upgraded to a 4-track line. However, due to lack of space to build another viaduct, and environmental problems caused by the railway line, it has been proposed to rebuild the railway line in a tunnel. 2020 is envisaged to be a typical year while the construction is in operation. Thus, Links 10486, 9873, and 9827 will be blocked for all traffic. Due to the detours which would result due to the blocked links, cyclists and cars would have to deal with increased travel times. It is anticipated that Mercuriusweg/Abtwoudse Pad or the Ruys de Berenbrouckstraat links would be used in lieu of the blocked links (Chen 2009). 3 Description of Current scenario and Alternate Scenarios 3.1 Description of the Current Situation 2003 Zones 1-7 are the external zones, whereas the rest of the zones are considered as the internal zones. The internal zones are the primary areas of concern. It has also been given that in 2003, zones 23, 24, and 25 are still under development and there is no travel demand from and to these zones (Chen 2009). 3.2 Description of the Zero-Alternative Situation 2020 By 2020, zones 24 and 25 will have been completely developed. However, Zone 23 would still not have been developed. Infrastructure has been upgraded accordingly to connect zones 24 and 25 with the rest of the city. Zone 12 remains the highest trip generating and trip attracting internal zone, as does Zone 1 amongst the external zones. 3.3 Description of Future Situation during Construction 2020 Considering the future scenario for the city of Delft in 2020 during the expansion of the rail line from 2-track to 4-track, it shall be assumed that this project will be in progress and 2020 will be a typical year. It has been given that during the expansion, Links 10486, 9873, and 9827 will be blocked (Chen 2009). The trip generation remains the same as for the zero-alternate scenario for 2020. 4 Modelling for Current Situation 2003 4.1 Trip Generation For performing the trip generation modelling function, the Zonal-based Multiple Regression model has been employed. It takes into account the linear relationships of the socio-economic characteristics of the households in the zones, which affects the trips produced and attracted for each zone (Ortà ºzar and Willumsen 1999). The following functions have been used for the trip generating model in the case of internal zones: Pi = 0.3RESIDENTSi + 0.06JOBSi + 0.03RESEARCHi + 0.03EDUCATIONi Ai = 0.05RESIDENTSi + 0.75JOBSi + 0.3RESEARCHi + 0.3EDUCATIONi Where Pi = production of zone i, Ai = attraction of zone i, RESIDENTSi = number of residents in zone i, JOBSi = number of jobs in zone i, RESEARCHi = research facility space in zone i, EDUCATIONi = amount of educational services offered in zone i. Source: Chen 2009 For the case of external zones, the numbers of trips generated and attracted have been assessed based on the traffic volume counts. These are as indicated in Appendix 1. For the internal zones, it can be seen that the variable of the number of residents living in each zone is the most dominant one affecting the number of trips produced. The variables which are most dominant for trip attraction are number of jobs, and the research facility space in that particular zone respectively. Appendix 2 indicates the trip generation for 2003, including both the internal as well as the external zones. 2003 histogram.JPGFigure 4-1: Productions and Attractions for the Current Scenario 2003 It can be seen from the Appendix 2 and figure 4-1, Zone 12 is the largest trip generator and attracting external zone. Zone 1 is the highest trip generating and attracting internal zone. 4.2 Trip Distribution and Modal Split The Gravity Model has been employed to generate the trip distribution model. This model is a type of Synthetic Model as â€Å"it estimates trips for each cell in the matrix without directly using the observed trip pattern† (Ortà ºzar and Willumsen 1999 p.159). There are three variants for the Gravity Model function, namely: Exponential Function: f(cij) = exp (-ßcij) Power Function: f(cij) = cij-n Combined Function: cnij exp(-ßcij) Singly constrained versions, in this case destination-constrained, can be produced by making Ai equal to 1, i.e. Ai = 1 and Bj= 1/?iDif(cij) The Combined Function variation of the Gravity Model is the most superior one, as it is the best fit with the actual observed values for trip length distributions of cars (Ortà ºzar and Willumsen 1999). OmniTRANS performs simultaneous modal split, for which the gravity model can be extended to the â€Å"simultaneous gravity model† which is given by: Tijv=p.Qi.Xj.Fv(zijv) Where Tijv= Number of trips from zone I to j via mode v p= Scaling factor Xj= Column Balancing Factor Fv(zijv)= Distribution function taking into account the willingness to travel by mode v given impedance z Appendix 4 indicates the traffic distribution of cars in Delft. 44566 cars have been distributed. As can be seen in Appendix 5, 8635 cyclists have been distributed the entire network of Delft. The modal split indicates that 83.77 percent of the traffic is constituted by cars and 16.23 percent by bicycles. The trip length distribution function for cars can be seen in figure 4-2. This indicates the willingness to travel to a certain distance without any impendence, such as congestion. Hence, in this case the maximum uncongested distance travelled is 10 km. Similarly, figure 4-3 indicates the trip length distribution for bicycles, which experiences its peak at 3 km. The trip time distributions for cars and bicycles have been indicated in Figure 4-4 and Figure 4-5 respectively. These functions, too, follow a similar pattern as that of the Trip Length Distribution. In the case of cars and bicycles, both, the peak is of 12 minutes. The mean trip distance for bicycles is 3.14 km and the mean trip time is 14.22 minutes. Similarly, for cars, the mean distance is 7.59 km and time is 11.12 minutes. Intra-zonal car trips constitute only about 0.57 percent of the total number of trips made by cars, and those made by bicycles constitute about 16.55 percent of the total number of bicycle trips. 4.3 Traffic Assignment 4.3.1.1 Assignment for Cars The General Equilibrium technique of traffic assignment has been used for cars. The condition as given by Wardrop is that â€Å"Under equilibrium conditions, traffic arranges itself in congested networks in such a way that no individual trip maker can reduce his path costs by switching routes† (Ortà ºzar and Willumsen 1999 p.303). Under this traffic assignment model, costs are all perceived in the same way by the trip makers, and hence Stochastic effects are not considered. The following links have the largest traffic flow (for a single direction) of about 7064 cars assigned: 10972, 10973, 11289, 11427, 11428, and 11477. Figure 4-6 represents the traffic assignment for cars in 2003. The colours of the bands, in the graph, indicate the V/C Ratio and the width indicates the traffic load. It reflects that the main road, the east and west freeways crossing the railway are suffering from V/C ratios greater than 1, which requires attention. 4.3.1.2 Assignment for Bicycles The Stochastic Method has been employed for the traffic assignment model for bicycles. This method is superior to the All-Or-Nothing Method, as it takes into account the diversity in the road users perceptions of distance, travel time, generalised costs; and thus considers alternate routes to the best-route choice, given by the All-Or-Nothing technique. This is a suitable model for the traffic assignment of bicycles as this technique does not take into account the congestion effects, which is not calculable since capacities for bicycles are not specified. Link 10850 has been assigned the maximum number of bicycle trips for a single direction, which is 941 trips. Figure 4-7 represents the assignment of bicycles in 2003. Most of the trips are confined to the internal zones. 5 Modelling for Future Situation 2020 The modelling stages for the future scenarios of 2020 will remain the same till the Traffic Assignment Stage, which would differ based on the blocked links for the future construction scenario of 2020. 5.1 Trip Generation The Zonal-based Multiple Regression model has been employed. The functions are the same as those for 2003. However, forecasts for the number of residents, jobs, and the research facility space and education building space in 2020 are different from the current year. Also, it has been given that the productions and attractions generated by the external zones is to be assumed to grow by 15 percent from 2020 to 2003 (Chen 2009). The above figure 5-1 illustrates that Zone 1 still remains the highest trip production and attraction external zone; and Zone 12 continues to remain the highest trip producing and attracting internal zone. The same is reflected through Appendix 3. 5.2 Trip Distribution and Modal Split The Gravity Model has been employed for the trip distribution. A total of about 54380 cars have been distributed, and about 10413 bicycles. The modal split for 2020 demonstrates that about 83.5 percent of the trips would be by cars, and the remaining 16.5 percent by bicycles. For cars, the intra-zonal trips constitute about 0.54 percent, whereas for the bicycles, intra-zonal trips constitute about 15.71 percent of the trips. Trip length distribution function (indicated in Figure 5-2 and 5-3) and the trip time distribution functions (indicated in Figure 5-4 and 5-5) have been generated. The maximum uncongested distance remains the same for both cars and bicycles, as in 2003, as also the maximum uncongested time in the case for cars. For bicycles, the maximum time has reduced to 8 minutes. The mean trip distance for bicycles is 3.26 km and the mean time is 14.75 minutes. Similarly, for cars, the mean distance is 7.56 km and time is 11 minutes. 5.3 Traffic Assignment for Zero-Alternative Situation 5.3.1 Traffic Assignment for Cars The General Equilibrium model has been employed. The following links have the maximum numbers of cars assigned, i.e. about 8346 cars, to them for one direction: Links 10972, 10973, 11289, 11427, 11428, 11477, and 11478. Figure 5-6 represents the assignment for cars. The colours of the bands, in the graph, indicate the V/C Ratio and the width indicates the load of traffic. The freeways continue to have high V/C ratios, as well as the main roads crossing the railway. 5.3.2 Traffic Assignment for Bicycles For the traffic assignment modelling for bicycles, the Stochastic Method has been used again. Link 10850 has been assigned the maximum number of bicycle trips (114 trips). Figure 5-7 represents the bicycle assignment. 5.4 Traffic Assignment for Future Construction Situation In the future situation during construction, the decision to upgrade the railways from two tracks to four tracks has been made. This would result in the closing of Links 9827, 9873, and 10486. 5.4.1 Traffic Assignment for Cars It has been calculated that links 11283, 11407, 11463, and 11464 have the maximum load, of 10723 cars in one direction. Figure 5-8 represents the car assignment considering future construction. The cross-railway link south of zone 17 experiences a greater load, whereby there is a reduction in the northern cross-link. 5.4.2 Traffic Assignment for Bicycles The Stochastic model employed for assigning the bicycle traffic that Link 10452 the maximum load, in one direction, of 1446.54 bicycles. Figure 5-9 represents the assignment for bicycles. 6 Analysis 6.1 Trip Generation Amongst the internal zones, which are of primary concern, Zone 12 is the zone which remains the highest trip producing and attracting zone. This is supported by the fact that Zone 12 has the highest number of residents living in it, and the maximum number of jobs existing in this zone. This zone is located at the heart of the city, adjacent to the railway line and the main road connecting the two freeways. All the internal zones have experienced a growth rate for the number of trips generated and produced by about 11 percent. Zone 1 also remains the highest trip producing and attracting external zone. This may be accounted by the fact that Zone 1 is directly connected to Delft by the railway line, and thus could perhaps be an important junction or location. 6.2 Trip Distribution and Modal Split The trip distribution can be reflected through the study of the matrices given in Appendix 4 to 7. For 2003, the maximum number of car trips has been of the nature Internal-to-External, with the most dominant one being from Zone 15 to Zone 1. This has not changed for 2020. For 2003 and 2020, the most dominant character of bicycle trips is Internal-to-Internal, with maximum trips being made within Zone 12. This is as should be expected, since long distance travel by bicycles is not likely to be made except in rare circumstances. The maximum number of bicycle trips may also be attributed to the fact that Zone 12 is the Delft City Centre. The maximum growth (4.8 times) for car trips has been seen for the pair Zone 7-Zone 1, and the maximum for bicycles (0.15 times) has been for the pair Zone 5-Zone 12. On studying the zone-to-zone average travel distance and time, it can be seen from Appendix 8 and 9 that the maximum increase for trip distance has been from zone 7 to 15 (46.86 percent) and maximum increase in time has been for the pair zone 18 to 22 (48.67 percent). The maximum increase (48.78 percent) in cost has been experienced for zone 11 to 22. The modal split indicates a marginal change from 2003 to 2005, whereby there is a decrease from approximately 83.77 to 83.5 percent for cars. Intra-zonal trips made in 2020 have experienced a fall from 2003. This may indicate greater travel distances and time, and thus greater generalized costs in the future. 6.3 Traffic Assignment On comparing the figures indicating the traffic assignments for the three scenarios, it can be seen that the maximum car trips load remains on the freeways defining Delft on the eastern and western sides. The main difference can be seen between the zero-alternative and construction situation for 2020. Due to the blocked links, car traffic has been assigned to the links 1164, 11645, and Westvest-Hooikade particularly have experienced a significant increase, whereas the Westlandseweg links have experienced a decrease in the load of trips. Also, as was expected, there was an increased use of the Ruys-de-Berenbrouckstraat, and Abtwoudse links. However, the Mercuriusweg saw a decrease in the traffic load as compared to the zero-alternative scenario, which goes against as was anticipated. In the case of assigned bicycle trips, due to the blocked links, the Hof-van-Delftlaan link has seen a substantial increase in the traffic load. The share of the railway crossing traffic has been seen to change for all the three scenarios. This has been indicated in figure 6-1. There is a decrease in the share from 2003 to the Zero-Alternative scenario. However, comparing the future construction scenario with the Zero-Alternative, there has been an increase in the share, for both cars and bicycles. 7 Conclusions Zones 1 and 12 being of prime importance, also supported by their connectivity will continue to dominate as the zones attracting and generating the maximum traffic. Since maximum bicycle traffic load is concentrated in Zone 12, measures may be taken to restrict the entry of cars in this area so as to ensure a more safe environment, which would even benefit the households, as the maximum percentage are located in this zone. Increased generalised costs must be taken into account, based on the above analysis. Links which are experiencing greater traffic loads due to construction works have been identified, and relief measures for these should be planned, particularly for the freeways on the eastern and western side of the city. 8 Strengths and Weaknesses of OmniTRANS The strength of OmniTRANS is that it helps in the rapid and accurate transport modeling procedures. Also, the data can be very easily examined on the transport network map, rather than just being confined to tables and numbers, which makes analysis tedious. Also, a number of variables can be studied, which can be further sorted out based on the direction for any particular link. The weaknesses could be cited as only being able to employ the use of the Simultaneous Gravity Model being available for trip distribution stage. Also, only limited types of traffic assignment models can be performed (such as Stochastic, All-or-Nothing, and Equilibrium). Public transport modelling is also not performed by the software (OmniTRANS 2009). References CHEN, H. 2009. Handout: Coursework Description, lecture notes distributed in TRAN5020 Principles of Transport Modelling. University of Leeds, 3 November 2009. OMNITRANS. 2009. Whats New in OT5 [online]. [Accessed on 1st December 2009]. Available from http://www.omnitrans-international.com/resources/brochures/whats%20new%202008.pdf. ORTÚZAR, J. WILLUMSEN, L.G. 1999. Modelling Transport. West Sussex: Wiley. WIKIPEDIA. 2009a. Delft [online]. [Accessed on 10 November 2009]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delft. WIKIPEDIA. 2009b. Delft University of Technology [online]. [Accessed on 10 November 2009]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delft_University_of_Technology.

The Death of Ivan Ilyich: Spiritual Awakening Essay -- Tolstoy Death I

The Death of Ivan Ilyich: Spiritual Awakening He went to his study, lay down, and once again was left alone with it. Face to face with It, unable to do anything with It. Simply look at It and grow numb with horror" (Tolstoy, 97). Death takes on an insidious persona as it eats away at Ivan Ilyich, a man horrified at the prospect of losing his life. Even more horrifying is the realization that despite his prominence and prosperity as a Russian high court judge, Ilyich has done nothing to make his life worth saving. The Death of Ivan Ilyich begins at the end, with his associates receiving the news of his passing. Here, Tolstoy emphasizes the diffident attitude the living often have toward the dead and their unintended insensitivity to what they can't comprehend. His colleagues are more preoccupied with what kind of personnel changes his death causes and getting in a game of whist than the loss of this individual. Even his wife, while playing up her bereaved widow status, considers how she can profit from his passing. Aside from the realistic portrayal of his truly devastated son, those who survive the dead man seem to consider him an inconvenient corpse. The story then flashes back to develop Ivan Ilyich as a living man. At first, the indifferent attitude of his loved ones seemed justified, since he leads a rather empty, superficial life common to the late 1800's. It appears that if someone else died, his first thoughts would turn to whist as well. Propriety, not morality, dictates his actions and he relishes power and glory. He is a consummately impervious individual, impervious to conscience, empathy, and understanding. This does not make him an evil man. More i... ...back the family has. Both of them suffer from false expectation brought on by their commitment to propriety over conscience or morality. As Ilyich's condition worsens, he begins to notice the hypocrisy upon which he has based his life. At first, he sees those around him as perpetrators of a "great lie," insisting that he will get better and making light of his condition. Later, he comes to accept that in the past he has lied to himself, and forgives his family of all his petty grudges. His realization and spiritual awakening in the moments before his death ultimately draw the greatest audience sympathy. We feel his denial and fear, his unending physical pains and emotional misery, and are able to accept, as Ilyich does, the unalterable course of our lives. Tolstoy, Leo. The Death of Ivan Ilyich. Translated by Lynn Solotaroff. Bantam Books:New York, 1981.

Debut Albums and Important Thing

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